!!!DRAPER PASCAL
Version 2.1
Copyright 1989 by Norm Draper
For the Atari 400, 800, XL, or XE series computers
[{TableOfContents }]
!!Disk Based Documentation
This document contains the "Getting Started" section plus other sections from the actual Draper Pascal manual. It is designed to get you up and running and doing useful things with Draper Pascal in a very short time. It does not, however, contain a detailed description of all the Draper Pascal definitions or pretend to be a comprehensive tutorial or user's reference. Registered users will receive the actual Draper Pascal manual which does contain a complete description of all definitions plus other information. Details on registering are in the last section titled "Registration Form".
!!The Shareware Concept
Draper Pascal is distributed on a Shareware basis. You may use Draper Pascal without charge for the purpose of evaluating it's suitability for your use. If you find that Draper Pascal is worth continuing to use, then you are requested to become a registered user and gain the additional benefits that go along with it. Simply complete the registration form and mail it in to us with the very reasonable payment of only $15.00. When you register your copy of Draper Pascal, you'll receive the latest version of the software if your registered version is not current, along with a comprehensive printed user manual.
If you have received this copy from a Users' Group, "Software Library" or "SIG", and have paid a small fee (usually $3 to $10), you have NOT acquired the registered rights or continued right to use Draper Pascal. This fee was for the convenience of obtaining the diskette with Draper Pascal on it. The fee does NOT apply to the registration fee.
You may freely copy Draper Pascal for distribution under the Shareware concept, without charge.
You may NOT charge any fee for the Draper Pascal program or documentation without our written approval.
You may NOT distribute Draper Pascal or it's documentation in connection with ANY commercial venture, product, publication or service unless you obtain the royalty-free license by registering.
!!Features
* Draper Pascal is a complete package allowing the user to create, compile, and execute programs written in the Pascal language.
* Many features from both UCSD and ISO standard Pascals plus many extensions, such as sound and graphics, to make use of the versatile Atari hardware.
* Pascal structured programming features, including IF-THEN-ELSE, WHILE-DO, CASE-OF-ELSE, FOR-TO/DOWNTO-DO, and REPEAT-UNTIL are included.
* FUNCTIONs and PROCEDUREs using local or global variables. Integer type variables can be passed directly.
* Data types supported include: Character, String, Integer, Real, Boolean, Record, and File. One and two dimension arrays are also supported for all data types other than File and Record.
* Only one disk drive and 48K RAM are required. Multiple, and double density, disk drives are supported.
* Machine language subroutines may be loaded and called.
* Program chaining is supported.
* No limit on source program size. "Include" files are supported.
* One-pass compiler generates pseudo code directly.
* Maximum program pseudo code size is about 30K bytes.
* Textual compiler error messages.
* Execution debugging features include instruction trace and stack display.
* Special options for error display and break key disable.
* Single keystroke program execution repeat, exit to DOS, or exit to Main Menu program are featured.
* Includes Editor program to create, modify, and print Pascal source files, or other text type files.
* Includes Main Menu program (Pascal source included) for easy select of Compiler, Editor, or utility functions, such as directory or file listing. Main Menu program may be replaced with a user written program to create a turnkey operation.
* Ramdisk support. Details provided to registered users.
* Works with most popular versions of DOS.
* Easy to use. No linking required. Compile and execute immediately.
* Royalty free license available to registered users.
* Includes sample programs.
* Comprehensive user manual provided to registered users. Complete examples and BASIC equivalents given for each reserved word.
!! Introduction
Draper Software welcomes you to the world of Pascal for the Atari 400/800, XL, and XE series Computer systems.
! What is Pascal?
Pascal is a high-level structured programming language developed by Niklaus Wirth in 1971. It is easy to understand and well suited for program development and maintenance.
!What is Draper Pascal?
Draper Pascal is not a "standard" Pascal. It has a number of commands which are exactly like ISO and UCSD versions, some which are similar, and many "extensions" which bring out the true power of the Atari computer in an easy to use manner. It was designed to require only one disk drive for operation, but not be limited to only one. At this time, it has been shown to work with all hardware and software configurations where enough memory is provided. This implementation also has a number of commands which are familiar to Atari BASIC users, such as POKE, PEEK, SETCOLOR, NOTE, POINT, etc..
!About this manual
This manual is intended to familiarize you with all the features of Draper Pascal. It is not intended to teach you how to program in Pascal. However, if you already know Atari BASIC, then you can understand the Pascal statements more easily by referring to their BASIC equivalents shown after the definition of each Pascal reserved word in the complete manual provided to registered users. It is recommended that you read this manual completely to be familiarized with its features and restrictions.
!What is Draper Pascal made of?
This implementation of Pascal is made up of three main components. They are the Supervisor (sometimes referred to as runtime routines), the Compiler, and the Editor. The Supervisor is a high performance machine language program which simulates a 16-bit pseudo computer. The Compiler translates Pascal source code into pseudo-code instructions to be executed by the Supervisor. The Editor is used to enter and modify Pascal source programs. It may also be used to edit data files, or BASIC programs which have been LISTed to a disk or tape. These components are explained in detail within this manual.
For a description of the various files included on the supplied diskette, refer to the 'System Information' section.
!About the DOS
Draper Pascal can be used with most popular Disk Operating Systems. It has been tested with Atari DOS 2.5, SpartaDOS 3.2d, and MYDOS. You should format a diskette with DOS on it to contain the Draper Pascal system. Since the Draper Pascal Supervisor is named AUTORUN.SYS, it will execute immediately after the disk is booted. For XL and XE computers, you do not need to hold down the Option key while booting unless you are using SpartaDOS. If using SpartaDOS, you may want to rename AUTORUN.SYS to PASCAL.COM and create a STARTUP.BAT file containing the following two lines:
{{{
BASIC OFF
PASCAL
}}}
This documentation file is not required to be on that same diskette.
!Ramdisk support
Draper Pascal supports the use of the "Ramdisk" capability provided by using a DOS that supports a ramdisk like Atari DOS 2.5 or SpartaDOS 3.x with an Atari computer system having sufficient memory to support the ramdisk. While using this feature, the Editor takes less than two seconds to load and the Compiler takes less than three seconds. Details on setup and use of this feature are provided in the complete manual provided to registered users.
!! Getting Started
This section is intended to show by example how to use the Draper Pascal system. You will edit, compile, and run a sample program. Information displayed by the computer is shown in normal type while responses to be entered by you are shown underlined with dashes (---). To begin with, make sure you have 48K RAM installed and no cartridge in place. Boot the disk now by placing it in disk drive 1 and turning on the power to the Atari computer. After the Supervisor has finished loading, you will see a screen that looks like this:
{{{
DRAPER PASCAL
1 - Run Program
2 - Disk Directory
3 - Compile Program
4 - Edit a Program
5 - Exit to DOS
6 - List a file
7 - Trace on
}}}
{{{
DRAPER SOFTWARE
EDITOR
A - Add line(s) at end
C - Change line(s)
D - Delete line(s)
E - Edit a line
F - Filer menu
I - Insert before line
L - List line(s)
M - Menu
P - Print line(s)
Q - Quit
S - Scan line(s)
X - Exit to Compiler
A,C,D,E,F,I,L,M,P,Q,S,X,?->F Select Filer menu
-
}}}
{{{
A - Append file
D - Directory list
L - Load file
S - Save file
L Load a file
-
}}}
{{{
Enter filename -> SAMPLE1 Enter the name of the file
------- to be loaded. The name of
the last file edited,
compiled, or run will be
filled in by the Editor.
You may have to overtype
it with the name shown.
}}}
{{{
A,C,D,E,F,I,L,M,P,Q,S,X,?->L List the file on the
- screen
Line from -> Just press RETURN for
- 'Line from' and 'Line to'.
Line to -> This will give a list of
- the entire program in
memory.
}}}
{{{
1:PROGRAM KALEIDOSCOPE;
2:VAR I,J,K,W,X:INTEGER;
3:BEGIN
4: MAXGRAPH(19);
5: GRAPHICS(19);
6: X:=0;
7: REPEAT
8: FOR W:=3 TO 50 DO
9: BEGIN
10: FOR I:=1 TO 10 DO
11: BEGIN
12: FOR J:=0 TO 10 DO
13: BEGIN
14: K:=I+J;
15: COLOR(J*3/(I+3)+I*W/12);
16: PLOT(I+8,K);
17: PLOT(K+8,I);
18: PLOT(32-I,24-K);
19: PLOT(32-K,24-I);
20: PLOT(K+8,24-I);
21: PLOT(32-I,K);
22: PLOT(I+8,24-K);
23: PLOT(32-K,I)
24: END
25: END
26: END
27: UNTIL X=99 (* UNENDING LOOP *)
28:END.
A,C,D,E,F,I,L,M,P,Q,S,X,?->I Let's insert a comment
- before line 15.
Line -> 15
--
15: (* MY FIRST EDIT *) Enter the data to be
------------------- inserted when prompted for
16: line 15. Just press RETURN
- when prompted for line 16.
This will terminate insert
mode.
A,C,D,E,F,I,L,M,P,Q,S,X,?->L List again to verify that
- the change was made
correctly.
Line from ->
-
Line to ->
-
1:PROGRAM KALEIDOSCOPE;
2:VAR I,J,K,W,X:INTEGER;
3:BEGIN
4: MAXGRAPH(19);
5: GRAPHICS(19);
6: X:=0;
7: REPEAT
8: FOR W:=3 TO 50 DO
9: BEGIN
10: FOR I:=1 TO 10 DO
11: BEGIN
12: FOR J:=0 TO 10 DO
13: BEGIN
14: K:=I+J;
15: (* MY FIRST EDIT *)
16: COLOR(J*3/(I+3)+I*W/12);
17: PLOT(I+8,K);
18: PLOT(K+8,I);
19: PLOT(32-I,24-K);
20: PLOT(32-K,24-I);
21: PLOT(K+8,24-I);
22: PLOT(32-I,K);
23: PLOT(I+8,24-K);
24: PLOT(32-K,I)
25: END
26: END
27: END
28: UNTIL X=99 (* UNENDING LOOP *)
29:END.
A,C,D,E,F,I,L,M,P,Q,S,X,?->F Let's save the program
- back to disk drive 1
under the same name.
A - Append file
D - Directory list
L - Load file
S - Save file
S
-
Enter filename -> SAMPLE1
-------
A,C,D,E,F,I,L,M,P,Q,S,X,?->X Now let's exit directly to
- the Compiler.
Draper Software
Pascal Compiler
Version 2.1
Copyright 1989
by Norm Draper
Enter Filename:
SAMPLE1 Enter name of program to
------- be compiled. The name of
the last program edited,
compiled, or run will be
filled in by the
Compiler.
Enter List Output Filespec
Default is E: Just press RETURN at this
- point to have the compile
list directed to the
screen.
0000 PROGRAM KALEIDOSCOPE;
0000 VAR I,J,K,W,X:INTEGER;
0003 BEGIN
0003 MAXGRAPH(19);
0017 GRAPHICS(19);
001B X:=0;
001E REPEAT
0022 FOR W:=3 TO 50 DO
002A BEGIN
0035 FOR I:=1 TO 10 DO
003D BEGIN
0048 FOR J:=0 TO 10 DO
004F BEGIN
005A K:=I+J;
0062 COLOR(J*3/(I+3)+I*W/12);
008A PLOT(I+8,K);
0098 PLOT(K+8,I);
00A6 PLOT(32-I,24-K);
00B8 PLOT(32-K,24-I);
00CA PLOT(K+8,24-I);
00DC PLOT(32-I,K);
00EA PLOT(I+8,24-K);
00FC PLOT(32-K,I)
010A END
010A END
010C END
011C UNTIL X=99 (* UNENDING LOOP *)
0142 END.
0147
ADDR NAME
---- --------
0003 I
0004 J
0005 K
0006 W
0007 X
5 Compiler table entries used
*** Program Execution Completed *** Press the SELECT key at
Highest Stack Address Used = $AFF8 this point to take us to
<START>Repeat,<SELECT>Menu,<ESC>Exit the main menu.
DRAPER PASCAL
VERSION 2.1
1 - Run Program
2 - Disk Directory
3 - Compile Program
4 - Edit a Program
5 - Exit to DOS
6 - List a file
7 - Trace on
Copyright 1989
by Norm Draper
1 Select '1' to run the
- program that was just
compiled.
Enter name of program to be run
SAMPLE1 The name of the last
------- program edited, compiled,
or run will be filled in
by the main menu program.
Overtype the name if you
want to run a different
program.
}}}
At this point you should have a nice kaleidoscope pattern being displayed on your television screen. To stop it, press the BREAK key. To repeat execution, press the START key. To return to the main menu, press the SELECT key. To exit to DOS, press the ESC key.
Another program, SAMPLE2, is also provided for you to practice with. It will display Roman numerals for powers of two between 1 and 4096. Compile it, turn on the trace via the main menu, and run it. After it is finished, press CTRL-T to display the trace table, and CTRL-S to display the stack contents. When prompted for 'Where? Filespec', enter 'E:'. For a description of the stack display line, refer to the 'DUMPSTK' command in the 'Pascal Definitions' section of the manual provided to registered users.