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Atari DOS 4
Atari DOS 4

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! Atari Dos 4 (aka ANTIC Dos aka QDOS)
!!! Atari Dos 4 (aka ANTIC Dos aka QDOS)
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!! Disk
* [Atari DOS 4/DOS40-SD.ATR]
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!!! HOW TO USE THE HELP SYSTEM
! HOW TO USE THE HELP SYSTEM
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* Press the RETURN key to go back to the previous menu.
* Press the ESC key to go back to the main menu.
* Press the BREAK key to exit from the help system and return to DOS.
* Press the RETURN key to go back to the previous menu.
* Press the ESC key to go back to the main menu.
* Press the BREAK key to exit from the help system and return to DOS.
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!!! GENERAL INFORMATION ON DOS 4
! GENERAL INFORMATION ON DOS 4
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!!! DISK DRIVE NUMBERS
! DISK DRIVE NUMBERS
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!!! FILE SPECIFICATIONS AND WILDCARDS
! FILE SPECIFICATIONS AND WILDCARDS
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!!! WILDCARDS
! WILDCARDS
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There are two wildcard characters which may be used within file names (both the primary and the extender): the question mark "?" and the star "\*".
There are two wildcard characters which may be used within file names (both the primary and the extender): the question mark "?" and the star "*".
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The star "\*" is equivalent to padding the rest of the field (primary or extender) with question marks.
The star "*" is equivalent to padding the rest of the field (primary or extender) with question marks.
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Example, "D:WH\*" will match "D:WHO" and "D:WHEN" but not "D:WAVE".
Example, "D:WH*" will match "D:WHO" and "D:WHEN" but not "D:WAVE".
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filespec "D:\*.BAS" will match all file names with extender ".BAS", and "D:\*.\*" will match anything.
filespec "D:*.BAS" will match all file names with extender ".BAS", and "D:*.*" will match anything.
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!!! THE DOS 4 FILE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
! THE DOS 4 FILE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
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!!!! Input/output control blocks (IOCBs)
!! Input/output control blocks (IOCBs)
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!!!! The OPEN command
!! The OPEN command
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!!!! Open Bad File Input
!! Open Bad File Input
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!!!! Open Directory Read
!! Open Directory Read
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!!!! Open Output
!! Open Output
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!!!! Open Append
!! Open Append
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!!!! Open Update
!! Open Update
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!!!! Open Verify
!! Open Verify
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!!!! Close
!! Close
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!!!! Get
!! Get
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!!!! Input
!! Input
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!!!! Put
!! Put
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!!!! Print
!! Print
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!!!! Status
!! Status
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!!!! Rename
!! Rename
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!!!! Delete
!! Delete
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!!!! Lock
!! Lock
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!!!! Unlock
!! Unlock
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!!!! Point and Note
!! Point and Note
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!!!! Format
!! Format
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Warning: Formatting a disk erases all the files on the disk, regardless of whether or not they are locked!!!
Warning: Formatting a disk erases all the files on the disk, regardless of whether or not they are locked!
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!!! Boot
! Boot
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!!! THE DOS 4 COMMAND PROCESSOR
! THE DOS 4 COMMAND PROCESSOR
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To load the Command Processor from within other software, give the command equivalent to the BASIC "DOS" command, usually something like "EXIT" or "RETURN TO DOS". Before you load the Command Processor, insert a disk that contains the Command Processor program into disk drive #1 (if using the disk drive number redirection feature of DOS 4 then the CP program must go into logical drive #1, not physical drive
#1). If you attempt to load the Command Processor without first inserting such a disk, the computer will "freeze". If this happens, press BREAK and another attempt will be made to load the Command Processor. The CP menu is constructed by reading the directory of disk drive #1 and listing all files whose names end in the extender ".COM". (If disk drive number redirection is being used, the CP reads the directory of logical drive #1, not physical drive ##) maximum of sixteen such files can be listed.
To load the Command Processor from within other software, give the command equivalent to the BASIC "DOS" command, usually something like "EXIT" or "RETURN TO DOS". Before you load the Command Processor, insert a disk that contains the Command Processor program into disk drive #1 (if using the disk drive number redirection feature of DOS 4 then the CP program must go into logical drive #1, not physical drive #1). If you attempt to load the Command Processor without first inserting such a disk, the computer will "freeze". If this happens, press BREAK and another attempt will be made to load the Command Processor. The CP menu is constructed by reading the directory of disk drive #1 and listing all files whose names end in the extender ".COM". (If disk drive number redirection is being used, the CP reads the directory of logical drive #1, not physical drive ##) maximum of sixteen such files can be listed.
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!!! THE DOS 4 DISK UTILITY PACKAGE
! THE DOS 4 DISK UTILITY PACKAGE
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The I. FORMAT DATA DISK command formats a blank disk. You must format a disk before you can use it to store disk files. Warning: Formatting a disk erases all the files on the disk, regardless of whether or not they are locked!!!
The I. FORMAT DATA DISK command formats a blank disk. You must format a disk before you can use it to store disk files. Warning: Formatting a disk erases all the files on the disk, regardless of whether or not they are locked!
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rules: an extender which contains a wildcard will not match an extender of ".SYS" or ".COM". For example, "\*.\*" refers to all files except those ending in ".SYS" or ".COM", while "\*.COM" refers to all files whose names end in ".COM". When you have done this, the duplicate operation will proceed. If you specify the same drive as both source and destination, the DUP informs you that swapping is required and asks how many copies you want to make. Respond with a number from 1 to (The number defaults to 1 if you press RETURN.) When you specify the number of copies, you may place the option "/R" after the number (for example, you may type "3/R"). The /R option specifies that the drive is to be reconfigured each time disks are swapped. This makes it possible to move files between disks of different types (e.g., between single- and double-density disks) even if you have only one disk drive. If you choose the /R option, the DUP asks you to specify the drive configuration to be used for the source disk and the configuration to be used for the destination disk(s). Each time, DUP displays a menu of configurations to choose from. Next, the DUP asks for the names of the files to be copied. Respond by entering one or more file names, separated by commas, as previously described. The DUP then asks you to insert the source disk. When you have done so, it reads in as many of the specified source files as will fit into memory and then asks you insert the destination disk. Once you've done that, the data in memory is written out. If you requested more than one copy, the DUP asks you to insert the second destination disk and again the data in memory is written out. The DUP continues to ask for destination disks until it has written onto each of them. At this point, if all of the specified source disk files have been written then the operation ends. If not, the DUP asks you to reinsert the source disk, and the above steps are repeated until all of the specified files have been written onto each destination disk.
rules: an extender which contains a wildcard will not match an extender of ".SYS" or ".COM". For example, "*.*" refers to all files except those ending in ".SYS" or ".COM", while "*.COM" refers to all files whose names end in ".COM". When you have done this, the duplicate operation will proceed. If you specify the same drive as both source and destination, the DUP informs you that swapping is required and asks how many copies you want to make. Respond with a number from 1 to (The number defaults to 1 if you press RETURN.) When you specify the number of copies, you may place the option "/R" after the number (for example, you may type "3/R"). The /R option specifies that the drive is to be reconfigured each time disks are swapped. This makes it possible to move files between disks of different types (e.g., between single- and double-density disks) even if you have only one disk drive. If you choose the /R option, the DUP asks you to specify the drive configuration to be used for the source disk and the configuration to be used for the destination disk(s). Each time, DUP displays a menu of configurations to choose from. Next, the DUP asks for the names of the files to be copied. Respond by entering one or more file names, separated by commas, as previously described. The DUP then asks you to insert the source disk. When you have done so, it reads in as many of the specified source files as will fit into memory and then asks you insert the destination disk. Once you've done that, the data in memory is written out. If you requested more than one copy, the DUP asks you to insert the second destination disk and again the data in memory is written out. The DUP continues to ask for destination disks until it has written onto each of them. At this point, if all of the specified source disk files have been written then the operation ends. If not, the DUP asks you to reinsert the source disk, and the above steps are repeated until all of the specified files have been written onto each destination disk.
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!!! ADVANCED INFORMATION
! ADVANCED INFORMATION
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!!!! INTRODUCTION
!! INTRODUCTION
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!!!! DISK DRIVE NUMBER INDIRECTION
!! DISK DRIVE NUMBER INDIRECTION
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certain memory locations within DOS 4, you can make each logical drive refer to whichever physical drive you wish. Drive number indirection is controlled by DTYPE at [$73F,$A]. four low-order bits of memory location DTYPE+n gives the physical drive number to be associated with logical drive number Dn:. If the four low-order bits of DTYPE+n are zero then logical drive Dn: is not supported. You may change the contents of DTYPE at any time, even if there are open files to the drives in question. The physical drive associated with a file is determined when the OPEN statement is executed, so that changing DTYPE will not cause an open file to start reading from a different drive.
certain memory locations within DOS 4, you can make each logical drive refer to whichever physical drive you wish. Drive number indirection is controlled by DTYPE at $73F,$A. four low-order bits of memory location DTYPE+n gives the physical drive number to be associated with logical drive number Dn:. If the four low-order bits of DTYPE+n are zero then logical drive Dn: is not supported. You may change the contents of DTYPE at any time, even if there are open files to the drives in question. The physical drive associated with a file is determined when the OPEN statement is executed, so that changing DTYPE will not cause an open file to start reading from a different drive.
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!!!! BUFFER ALLOCATION
!! BUFFER ALLOCATION
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Buffer allocation is controlled by the contents of memory locations BUFMAX at [$710,1] and BUFSIZ at [$711,1]. BUFMAX contains the number
of sector buffers to be allocated; it must be between 2 and 16 (decimal) inclusive. If you want to have N open files on a system with D disk drives then the minimum number of buffers required is N+MIN(N,D). The standard number of buffers is 5. BUFSIZ determines the size of the
buffers. It must contain either 0 (for 256-byte buffers) or $80 (for 128-byte buffers). If you have any double-density drives (or single-density drives with a two-sector VTOC), BUFSIZ must contain 0. The standard value of BUFSIZ is 0. It is recommended that you use a value of 0 even if you have only single-density drives. The contents of BUFMAX and BUFSIZ may be changed only when there are no open disk files. The recommended procedure is:
Buffer allocation is controlled by the contents of memory locations BUFMAX at $710,1 and BUFSIZ at $711,1. BUFMAX contains the number of sector buffers to be allocated; it must be between 2 and 16 (decimal) inclusive. If you want to have N open files on a system with D disk drives then the minimum number of buffers required is N+MIN(N,D). The standard number of buffers is 5. BUFSIZ determines the size of the buffers. It must contain either 0 (for 256-byte buffers) or $80 (for 128-byte buffers). If you have any double-density drives (or single-density drives with a two-sector VTOC), BUFSIZ must contain 0. The standard value of BUFSIZ is 0. It is recommended that you use a value of 0 even if you have only single-density drives. The contents of BUFMAX and BUFSIZ may be changed only when there are no open disk files. The recommended procedure is:
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!!!! THE RESIDENT BINARY LOADER
!! THE RESIDENT BINARY LOADER
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before calling KERNEL you must store a value into DUPFLG at [$736,1] and optionally into DUPLO at [$732,2] and DUPHI at [$734,2]. Storing zero into DUPFLG forces KERNEL to load the Command Processor when the loaded program returns. Storing any non-zero value into DUPFLG makes KERNEL load the CP only if the calling program was overwritten during the load. In this case, the calling program stores the address of its first byte into DUPLO and the address of its last byte into DUPHI. If the calling program is not overwritten during the load then KERNEL will return to the calling program instead of loading the CP. If KERNEL decides that it must load and run the Command Processor then, before it does so, it stores the error status resulting from the binary load into BLDFLG at [$737,1].
before calling KERNEL you must store a value into DUPFLG at $736,1 and optionally into DUPLO at $732,2 and DUPHI at $734,2. Storing zero into DUPFLG forces KERNEL to load the Command Processor when the loaded program returns. Storing any non-zero value into DUPFLG makes KERNEL load the CP only if the calling program was overwritten during the load. In this case, the calling program stores the address of its first byte into DUPLO and the address of its last byte into DUPHI. If the calling program is not overwritten during the load then KERNEL will return to the calling program instead of loading the CP. If KERNEL decides that it must load and run the Command Processor then, before it does so, it stores the error status resulting from the binary load into BLDFLG at $737,1.
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!!!! THE STANDARD BINARY LOAD FILE FORMAT
!! THE STANDARD BINARY LOAD FILE FORMAT
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# A two-byte file type code, in which each byte contains $FF. This is required on the first segment in the file, but optional on subse-
quent segments.
2. A four-byte header in which the first two bytes give the address where the first byte of the data block goes, and the last two bytes
give the address where the last byte of the data block goes.
3. A data block which contains one or more bytes of data to be loaded into memory.
# A two-byte file type code, in which each byte contains $FF. This is required on the first segment in the file, but optional on subsequent segments.
# A four-byte header in which the first two bytes give the address where the first byte of the data block goes, and the last two bytes give the address where the last byte of the data block goes.
# A data block which contains one or more bytes of data to be loaded into memory.
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There are two memory locations which have special significance to the loader: INIVEC at [$2E2,2] and RUNVEC at [$2E0,2]. Every time the loader finishes loading a segment, it checks to see if a non-zero address was loaded into INIVEC. If so, the loader immediately executes a subroutine call (JSR statement) to the address in INIVEC.
There are two memory locations which have special significance to the loader: INIVEC at $2E2,2 and RUNVEC at $2E0,2. Every time the loader finishes loading a segment, it checks to see if a non-zero address was loaded into INIVEC. If so, the loader immediately executes a subroutine call (JSR statement) to the address in INIVEC.
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!!!! COMMAND PROCESSOR FILENAME
!! COMMAND PROCESSOR FILENAME
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DUPSPC at [$722,$10] contains the name of the file which contains the Command Processor. This is normally "D1:QDUP.SYS". The filename must end with a carriage return. If you wish to replace the Command Processor with a program of your own, place the name of the file containing
your program into DUPSPC. The program must be in the standard binary load file format. The H. WRITE DOS command can be used to write out a version of DOS 4 containing the new value of DUPSPC. Before it loads the CP, the resident FMS closes all IOCB's. The FMS does not clear the screen, so if a screen clear is desired then the CP must do it. If the CP is going to use the resident screen editor "E:", it should begin with an initialization routine which:
DUPSPC at $722,$10 contains the name of the file which contains the Command Processor. This is normally "D1:QDUP.SYS". The filename must end with a carriage return. If you wish to replace the Command Processor with a program of your own, place the name of the file containing your program into DUPSPC. The program must be in the standard binary load file format. The H. WRITE DOS command can be used to write out a version of DOS 4 containing the new value of DUPSPC. Before it loads the CP, the resident FMS closes all IOCB's. The FMS does not clear the screen, so if a screen clear is desired then the CP must do it. If the CP is going to use the resident screen editor "E:", it should begin with an initialization routine which:
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There are two entry points which load the CP: indirectly through DOSVEC at $0A, or directly through KERNEL at $70D. The CP can determine which entry point was used by examining BLDFLG at [$737,1]. The contents of BLDFLG is zero if entry DOSVEC was used, and non-zero if entry KERNEL was used. In the latter case, the contents of BLDFLG is the error status code resulting from the binary load process; a value greater than or equal to $80 indicates that an error occurred.
There are two entry points which load the CP: indirectly through DOSVEC at $0A, or directly through KERNEL at $70D. The CP can determine which entry point was used by examining BLDFLG at $737,1. The contents of BLDFLG is zero if entry DOSVEC was used, and non-zero if entry KERNEL was used. In the latter case, the contents of BLDFLG is the error status code resulting from the binary load process; a value greater than or equal to $80 indicates that an error occurred.
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!!!! SIO/PIO COMMANDS AND INTERCEPTION
!! SIO/PIO COMMANDS AND INTERCEPTION
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standard alternate command value
symbol
location
WRCOMD $73A,1 write
RDCOMD $73B,1 read
DWCOMD $73C,1 write
STCOMD $73D,1 status
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WRCOMD is the command used to write data sectors, and DWCOMD is the command used to write directory and VTOC sectors.
Use $50 for fast write (write without verify) and $57 for slow write (write with verify).
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Memory location RRVECT at $7D1,3 contains a JMP instruction. The FMS executes a subroutine call (JSR statement) to RRVECT immediately prior to each call to SIO or PIO (the call takes place after setting up the DCB). If you store an address into RRVECT+1 and RRVECT+2, you can effectively intercept all calls to SIO or PIO. The intended use of RRVECT is to allow programs to remain responsive to the user during long disk operations. The contents of RRVECT+1 and RRVECT+2 are initialized to point to an RTS during both coldstart and warmstart. If an RRVECT routine wishes to prevent the FMS from calling SIO or PIO, it can do so by pulling the return address off the stack, adding 3, and then pushing the result back on the stack. If this is done, the RRVECT routine must store an error status code into DSTATS at $303,1 and into the 6502 Y-register before it returns.
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value
WRCOMD
[$73A,1]
write
RDCOMD
[$73B,1]
read
DWCOMD
[$73C,1]
write
STCOMD
[$73D,1]
status
WRCOMD is the command used to write
data sectors, and DWCOMD is the com-
mand used to write directory and VTOC
sectors.
Use $50 for fast write
(write without verify) and $57 for
slow write (write with verify).
!! DOS 4 MEMORY MAP
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Memory location RRVECT at [$7D1,3] contains a JMP instruction. The FMS executes a subroutine call (JSR statement) to RRVECT immediately prior to each call to SIO or PIO (the call takes place after setting up the DCB). If you store an address into RRVECT+1 and RRVECT+2, you can effectively intercept all calls to SIO or PIO. The intended use of RRVECT is to allow programs to remain responsive to the user during long disk operations. The contents of RRVECT+1 and RRVECT+2 are initialized to point to an RTS during both coldstart and warmstart. If an RRVECT routine wishes to prevent the FMS from calling SIO or PIO, it can do so by pulling the return address off the stack, adding 3, and
then pushing the result back on the stack. If this is done, the RRVECT routine must store an error status code into DSTATS at [$303,1] and into the 6502 Y-register before it returns.
!!!! DOS 4 MEMORY MAP
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!!!! ENVIRONMENT CONTROL
!! ENVIRONMENT CONTROL
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CTBOOT at [$7D5,1] determines whether control goes to the CP or to the cartridge when the computer is turned on. If CTBOOT is zero then
control goes to the CP. If CTBOOT is non-zero then control goes to the cartridge (provided that a cartridge is installed). Built-in BASIC acts just like a cartridge.
CTBOOT at $7D5,1 determines whether control goes to the CP or to the cartridge when the computer is turned on. If CTBOOT is zero then control goes to the CP. If CTBOOT is non-zero then control goes to the cartridge (provided that a cartridge is installed). Built-in BASIC acts just like a cartridge.
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CRTENV at [$7D4,1] determines whether control goes to the CP or to the cartridge when SYSTEM RESET is pressed: zero for the CP, non-zero for
the cartridge. Any program loaded from the CP that passes control to a cartridge should store a non-zero value into CRTENV.
CRTENV at $7D4,1 determines whether control goes to the CP or to the cartridge when SYSTEM RESET is pressed: zero for the CP, non-zero for the cartridge. Any program loaded from the CP that passes control to a cartridge should store a non-zero value into CRTENV.
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!!!! RELAXATION OF FILESPEC RULES
!! RELAXATION OF FILESPEC RULES
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REQEOL at [$7D6,1] determines how strictly the FMS enforces the rules for filespecs. A value of $FF means that the rules are strictly enforced. In particular, each filespec must end with a carriage return. A value of $0B is the same as $FF, except that extra characters in the extender are ignored. A value of $00 relaxes the rules, which means that any invalid character is interpreted to mean end-of-filespec.
The default value of REQEOL is $0B. Values other than $00, $0B, or $FF are not allowed.
REQEOL at $7D6,1 determines how strictly the FMS enforces the rules for filespecs. A value of $FF means that the rules are strictly enforced. In particular, each filespec must end with a carriage return. A value of $0B is the same as $FF, except that extra characters in the extender are ignored. A value of $00 relaxes the rules, which means that any invalid character is interpreted to mean end-of-filespec. The default value of REQEOL is $0B. Values other than $00, $0B, or $FF are not allowed.
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!!!! I/O ERROR CODES
!! I/O ERROR CODES
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!!!! CONFIGURING DOS 4 TO YOUR SYSTEM
!! CONFIGURING DOS 4 TO YOUR SYSTEM
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# In response to the prompt "GIVE NAME(S) OF FILE(S) TO MOVE", type "\*.COM,\*.\*" and press RETURN.
# In response to the prompt "GIVE NAME(S) OF FILE(S) TO MOVE", type "*.COM,*.*" and press RETURN.
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!!!! Dos 4 System Equates
!! Dos 4 System Equates
This page (revision-7) was last changed on 03-Feb-2023 15:21 by Stefan Haubenthal  Top