This page (revision-16) was last changed on 03-Feb-2023 15:21 by Steve N 

This page was created on 23-Jan-2016 02:37 by Steve N

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Page revision history

Version Date Modified Size Author Changes ... Change note
16 03-Feb-2023 15:21 25 KB Steve N to previous
15 26-Jan-2016 01:32 25 KB Steve N to previous | to last Added table of contents
14 24-Jan-2016 11:42 25 KB Steve N to previous | to last Amended relocation text
13 24-Jan-2016 09:38 25 KB Steve N to previous | to last Added alternate drive check information. Needs comments on status codes.
12 24-Jan-2016 05:58 24 KB Steve N to previous | to last Added credit information
11 23-Jan-2016 10:21 24 KB Steve N to previous | to last Cleaned up the English from Google English to UK English in the examples sectio.
10 23-Jan-2016 10:03 24 KB Steve N to previous | to last Previously missed out a couple of updates
9 23-Jan-2016 10:02 24 KB Steve N to previous | to last Cleaned up plenty of copied and pasted code.
8 23-Jan-2016 08:32 24 KB Steve N to previous | to last Wiki restricts consecutive spaces to 1, using code formatting to stop this.
7 23-Jan-2016 06:55 24 KB Steve N to previous | to last Added download location information and amended formatting...
6 23-Jan-2016 06:49 24 KB Steve N to previous | to last Formatting amendments... needs a lot more
5 23-Jan-2016 06:41 24 KB Steve N to previous | to last Formatting corrections...
4 23-Jan-2016 03:13 24 KB Steve N to previous | to last Added .cfg file details
3 23-Jan-2016 02:57 23 KB Steve N to previous | to last Cleaned up formatting a lot. Ready for public viewing and amendment.
2 23-Jan-2016 02:45 23 KB Steve N to previous | to last Some headers set up, still needs lots of reformatting... (work in progress)
1 23-Jan-2016 02:37 25 KB Steve N to last Initial raw dump from document released on AtariAge

Page References

Incoming links Outgoing links
XBIOS
XBIOS

Version management

Difference between version and

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[{TableOfContents}]
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!Download Location
[http://xxl.atari.pl]
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FIlenames are padded out to 11 characters and are converted to uppercase.
Filenames are padded out to 11 characters and are converted to uppercase.
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‘FILE TXT’
4 letters, 4 spaces and and a 3 character extension
{{{
‘FILE TXT’ (4 letters, 4 spaces and a 3 character extension)
}}}
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New files cannot be created.
Existing files cannot be extended in length.
New directories cannot be created.
a) New files cannot be created.
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!Default Memory Layout
b) Existing files cannot be extended in length.
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$0000-$00FF Free
c) New directories cannot be created programatically.
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!Default Memory Layout
{{{
$0000-$00FF Free
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}}}
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Disk images (.atr files) need to be prepared in advance for xBIOS to work.
Disk images (.atr files) need to be prepared in advance for xBIOS to work.
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A disk image is a file which simulates a disk. It will contain 1 or more files which can be used by your programs.
A disk image is a file which simulates a disk. It will contain 1 or more files which can be used by your programs.
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In order to prepare them, an external tool needs to be used.
In order to prepare them, an external tool needs to be used.
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‘dir2atr’ : [http://www.horus.com/~hias/atari]
__‘dir2atr’__ : [http://www.horus.com/~hias/atari]
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‘franny’ : [http://atariage.com/forums/topic/159325-program-to-add-to-and-extract-files-from-atr/]
__‘franny’__ : [http://atariage.com/forums/topic/159325-program-to-add-to-and-extract-files-from-atr/]
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!!Practical Usage
!!!Practical Usage
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{{{
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}}}
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xBIOS now also needs adding into the development project which is being created. The following code needs to be pasted into a project:
xBIOS now also needs adding into the development project which is being created.
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There are two ways of achieving this:
__Option 1:__
The following code needs to be pasted into a project:
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xBIOS equ $800
xBIOS_VERSION equ xBIOS+$02
xBIOS_RENAME_ENTRY equ xBIOS+$03
xBIOS_LOAD_FILE equ xBIOS+$06
xBIOS_OPEN_FILE equ xBIOS+$09
xBIOS_LOAD_DATA equ xBIOS+$0c
xBIOS_WRITE_DATA equ xBIOS+$0f
{{{
xBIOS equ $800
xBIOS_VERSION equ xBIOS+$02
xBIOS_RENAME_ENTRY equ xBIOS+$03
xBIOS_LOAD_FILE equ xBIOS+$06
xBIOS_OPEN_FILE equ xBIOS+$09
xBIOS_LOAD_DATA equ xBIOS+$0c
xBIOS_WRITE_DATA equ xBIOS+$0f
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xBIOS_GET_BYTE equ xBIOS+$15
xBIOS_PUT_BYTE equ xBIOS+$18
xBIOS_FLUSH_BUFFER equ xBIOS+$1b
xBIOS_SET_LENGTH equ xBIOS+$1e
xBIOS_SET_INIAD equ xBIOS+$21
xBIOS_GET_BYTE equ xBIOS+$15
xBIOS_PUT_BYTE equ xBIOS+$18
xBIOS_FLUSH_BUFFER equ xBIOS+$1b
xBIOS_SET_LENGTH equ xBIOS+$1e
xBIOS_SET_INIAD equ xBIOS+$21
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xBIOS_SET_RUNAD equ xBIOS+$27
xBIOS_SET_DEFAULT_DEVICE equ xBIOS+$2a
xBIOS_OPEN_DIR equ xBIOS+$2d
xBIOS_SET_RUNAD equ xBIOS+$27
xBIOS_SET_DEFAULT_DEVICE equ xBIOS+$2a
xBIOS_OPEN_DIR equ xBIOS+$2d
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xBIOS_SET_DEVICE equ xBIOS+$36
xBIOS_SET_DEVICE equ xBIOS+$36
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xBIOS_GET_ENTRY equ xBIOS+$3c
xBIOS_GET_ENTRY equ xBIOS+$3c
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xBIOS_READ_SECTOR equ xBIOS+$42
xBIOS_FIND_ENTRY equ xBIOS+$45
xBIOS_READ_SECTOR equ xBIOS+$42
xBIOS_FIND_ENTRY equ xBIOS+$45
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}}}
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Each entry in this jump table specifies where in memory that the code for each function resides. Replace the $xxxx at the start with a starting address. $0800 should a be safe address for all purposes. If you ever wish to start from a different address, simply change the value for ‘xBIOS’.
Each entry in this jump table specifies where in memory that the code for each function resides. If you ever wish to start from a different address, change the value for ‘xBIOS’ above and change the value in the binary header of xBIOS.com.
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__Option 2:__
From xBIOS v4.2 and above, you can use the xBIOS.cfg file which is as below.
{{{
opt h-
.byte $43 ; config for v4.3 version
.byte c'XAUTORUN ' ; autorun file fname
.byte >$0800 ; xB adress for relocator
.byte >$0700 ; xB buffer adress for relocator
.word $02e2 ; INITAD
.word $02e0 ; RUNAD
.word $0000 ; custom I/O module - $0000 means use internal xB SIO
.word $0000 ; relocator for custom I/O module
.byte $ff ; PORTB - you can't swith off BASIC this way
.byte $40 ; NMIEN - config at start
.byte $c0 ; IRQEN - config at start
}}}
Please note that xBIOS do not use page zero. You can change the start address from the third entry above.
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!Examples
!!!Examples
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Here are some of the examples taken from http://xxl.atari.pl and other online sources, but with a few extra / modified comments in English.
Here are some of the examples taken from http://xxl.atari.pl and other online sources, but with a few extra/modified comments in English.
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{{{
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}}}
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Load and run the file, INIT and RUN headers are supported. Boot Loader has an analogous function xBOOT_LOAD_FILE. In the case of the boot loader if the file does not have a defined block RUN will be launched from the beginning of the first block.
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Load and run the file, INIT and RUN headers are supported. "Boot Loader" has an analogous function xBOOT_LOAD_FILE. In the case of the boot loader if the file does not have a defined block RUN will be launched from the beginning of the first block.
{{{
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}}}
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Open a file in order to carry out subsequent I / O operations.
Open a file in order to carry out subsequent IO operations.
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{{{
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}}}
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{{{
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}}}
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Data starting from the given address in the memory, save to a file, you can set the file pointer offset current (FILE_OFFSET) and the amount of data to be saved (SET_LENGTH). If you do not define these values ​​in the file are stored data from the current file position to the end of the file.
Save data from memory to a file, starting from the current position in the file. You can set the file pointer offset current (FILE_OFFSET) and the amount of data to be saved (SET_LENGTH). If you do not define these values, data from the current file position to the end of the file is written to the file.
{{{
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}}}
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{{{
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}}}
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{{{
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}}}
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{{{
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}}}
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{{{
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}}}
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Defines the amount of data processed while reading or writing. If your OPEN_FILE value is not defined this operation will be carried out until the end of the file.
Defines the amount of data to process while reading or writing. If your OPEN_FILE value is not defined this operation will be carried out until the end of the file.
{{{
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}}}
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Allows you to change the vector location INITAD ($ 2E2) loaded binary files.
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Allows you to change the init address vector INITAD ($2E2) for loaded binary files.
{{{
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}}}
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Sets the current position of the read / write file on a value stored in the A, X, Y. This item is calculated relative to the beginning of the file. Number of byte that will be read or written. In DOS operation is called POINT.
Sets the current read/write position in the current file with a value stored in A, X, Y. This item is calculated relative to the beginning of the file. In DOS speak, the operation is called "POINT".
{{{
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}}}
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Allows you to change the vector location RUNAD ($ 2E0) loaded binary files.
Allows you to change the run address vector RUNAD ($2E0) for loaded binary files.
{{{
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}}}
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Restores the standard I / O controller external device.
Restores the standard IO device.
{{{
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}}}
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{{{
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}}}
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xBIOS_LOAD_BINARY_FILE
Load and run the binary file from the current position of the read / write. INIT and RUN headers are supported.
!xBIOS_LOAD_BINARY_FILE
Load and run the binary file from the current read/write position. INIT and RUN headers are supported.
{{{
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}}}
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{{{
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}}}
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Change the I / O controller external device.
Change the IO device.
{{{
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}}}
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Change address I / O buffer. If before the call to set the marker C = 1, the relocation can be carried out even during I / O. The data will not be lost. If the marker before calling C = 0, buffer contents will not be copied to a new location.
Change address IO buffer. If before the call to set the marker C = 1, the relocation can be carried out even during IO. The data will not be lost. If the marker before calling C = 0, buffer contents will not be copied to a new location.
{{{
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}}}
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Gets another entry in the directory. In the registry X returns the index to the filename or folder (byte of buffer address is stored in the variable xBUFFERH) A registry is transmitted status byte entry. C is set to mark the end of the directory.
Gets another entry in the directory. The X register returns the index to the filename or folder (byte of buffer address is stored in the variable xBUFFERH). The accumulator is set with the status. The carry flag is set when the end of the directory is found.
{{{
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}}}
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To open the default file. The function does not search the directory file handle is taken from the variable Xfile.
Opens the default file. The function does not search the directory, the file handle is derived from the variable 'Xfile'.
{{{
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}}}
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{{{
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}}}
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Function allows you to find the specified directory entry. In the registry X returns the index to the filename or folder (byte of buffer address is stored in the variable xBUFFERH). A registry is transmitted status byte entry. Set marker C is an entry not found.
This function allows you to find the specified directory entry. The X register returns the index to the filename or folder (byte of buffer address is stored in the variable xBUFFERH). The accumulator is the status byte. If an entry is not found, the carry flag is set.
{{{
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}}}
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xBIOS_SET_BUFFER_SIZE
Feature allows you to set the buffer size for I / O operations. Buffer Size - byte - is also stored in the variable xBUFSIZE.
!xBIOS_SET_BUFFER_SIZE
This feature allows you to set the buffer size for IO operations. Buffer Size is also stored in the variable xBUFSIZE in bytes format.
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{{{
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}}}
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Counters During I/O
[ Please note that this example originates from xBios v3 ]
xIRQEN equ xBIOS+$3ea ; User IRQ (1 byte)
xSEGMENT equ xBIOS+$3f4 ; Bytes to go in binary file segment (2 bytes)
xNOTE equ xBIOS+$3f6 ; File pointer (3 bytes)
!Counters During I/O
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PUPBT1 equ $033D ;power-up validation byte 1
{{{
xIRQEN equ xBIOS+$3ea ; User IRQ (1 byte)
xSEGMENT equ xBIOS+$3f4 ; Bytes to go in binary file segment (2 bytes)
xNOTE equ xBIOS+$3f6 ; File pointer (3 bytes)
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icl 'atarihw.ah'
PUPBT1 equ $033D ; Power-up validation byte 1
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opt h+o+l+
icl 'atarihw.ah'
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opt h+o+l+
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jsr xBIOS_SET_DEFAULT_DEVICE ; SIO drive
jsr xBIOS_SET_DEFAULT_DEVICE ; SIO drive
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jmp xBIOS_SET_RUNAD ; new runad vector
jmp xBIOS_SET_RUNAD ; new runad vector
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.word run_adr ; RUN
.word run_adr ; RUN
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.byte d'xxl' ; let the RESET key works as RESET key
.byte d'xxl' ; Let the RESET key work as a RESET key
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org $0000
org $0000
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run_adr lda #$74
run_adr lda #$74
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_stop jmp _stop ; endless loop
_stop jmp _stop ; Endless loop
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start sei
start sei
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lda #$22
lda #$22
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lda #$40
lda #$40
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rts
rts
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MyNMI sta nmiA
sty nmiY
MyNMI sta nmiA
sty nmiY
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endnmi lda #0
endnmi lda #0
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ldy #0
ldy #0
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rti
rti
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org $0c00
org $0c00
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:$c300 .byte $ff
:$c300 .byte $ff
}}}
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[ Please note this example originates from xBios v3 ] [ Formatting requires cleanup ]
opt h+o+l+
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{{{
opt h+o+l+
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.byte d'xxl' ; let the RESET key works as RESET key
.byte d'xxl' ; Let the RESET key work as a RESET key
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org $c00
org $c00
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jmp xBIOS_SET_DEFAULT_DEVICE ; SIO drive
jmp xBIOS_SET_DEFAULT_DEVICE ; SIO drive
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MyNMI sta vbisaveA+1
stx vbisaveX+1
MyNMI sta vbisaveA+1
stx vbisaveX+1
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speed lda #0
speed lda #0
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loadpat ldx #0
lda pat,x
bmi pass
asl @
asl @
asl @
asl @
sta wp+1
pass inx
loadpat ldx #0
lda pat,x
bmi pass
asl @
asl @
asl @
asl @
sta wp+1
pass inx
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wp ldx #0
lda ins,x
sta audc1
lda frq,x
sta audf1
inc wp+1
dec speed+1
bpl pass2
lda #5
wp ldx #0
lda ins,x
sta audc1
lda frq,x
sta audf1
inc wp+1
dec speed+1
bpl pass2
lda #5
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wp1 lda #$20
sta pass2+1
eor #$60
sta wp1+1
pass2 ldx #0
lda ins,x
sta audc2
inc pass2+1
wp1 lda #$20
sta pass2+1
eor #$60
sta wp1+1
pass2 ldx #0
lda ins,x
sta audc2
inc pass2+1
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vbisaveA lda #0
vbisaveX ldx #0
rti
vbisaveA lda #0
vbisaveX ldx #0
rti
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ins .byte $0F,$AF,$AC,$A7,$A2,$00,$04,$A3
.byte $22,$21,$A1,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00
.byte $AF,$AF,$09,$07,$05,$04,$04,$03
.byte $03,$03,$02,$02,$02,$01,$01,$00
.byte $87,$84,$83,$82,$81,$00,$00,$00
.byte $00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00
.byte $84,$84,$84,$84,$84,$84,$83,$83
.byte $83,$83,$82,$82,$81,$81,$00,$00
.byte $83,$82,$81,$81,$81,$00,$00,$00
.byte $00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00
ins .byte $0F,$AF,$AC,$A7,$A2,$00,$04,$A3
.byte $22,$21,$A1,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00
.byte $AF,$AF,$09,$07,$05,$04,$04,$03
.byte $03,$03,$02,$02,$02,$01,$01,$00
.byte $87,$84,$83,$82,$81,$00,$00,$00
.byte $00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00
.byte $84,$84,$84,$84,$84,$84,$83,$83
.byte $83,$83,$82,$82,$81,$81,$00,$00
.byte $83,$82,$81,$81,$81,$00,$00,$00
.byte $00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00
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frq .byte $04,$C0,$D0,$E0,$F0,$00,$04,$C0
.byte $D0,$E0,$F0,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00
.byte $98,$A8,$03,$03,$03,$03,$03,$03
.byte $03,$03,$03,$03,$03,$03,$03,$03
.byte $00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00
.byte $00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00
.byte $00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00
.byte $00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00
frq .byte $04,$C0,$D0,$E0,$F0,$00,$04,$C0
.byte $D0,$E0,$F0,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00
.byte $98,$A8,$03,$03,$03,$03,$03,$03
.byte $03,$03,$03,$03,$03,$03,$03,$03
.byte $00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00
.byte $00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00
.byte $00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00
.byte $00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00,$00
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pat .byte $00,$80,$00,$80,$01,$80,$00,$00
.byte $80,$00,$00,$80,$01,$80,$03,$80
.byte $00,$80,$00,$80,$01,$80,$02,$02
.byte $00,$80,$01,$01,$80,$00,$03,$80
.byte $00,$80,$00,$80,$01,$80,$00,$00
.byte $80,$00,$00,$80,$01,$80,$03,$80
.byte $00,$00,$00,$80,$01,$00,$00,$80
.byte $00,$80,$01,$01,$80,$00,$01,$00
pat .byte $00,$80,$00,$80,$01,$80,$00,$00
.byte $80,$00,$00,$80,$01,$80,$03,$80
.byte $00,$80,$00,$80,$01,$80,$02,$02
.byte $00,$80,$01,$01,$80,$00,$03,$80
.byte $00,$80,$00,$80,$01,$80,$00,$00
.byte $80,$00,$00,$80,$01,$80,$03,$80
.byte $00,$00,$00,$80,$01,$00,$00,$80
.byte $00,$80,$01,$01,$80,$00,$01,$00
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:$C000 .byte $ff
org $D800
:$2700 .byte $ff
:$C000 .byte $ff
org $D800
:$2700 .byte $ff
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run_adr lda #$74
run_adr lda #$74
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}}}
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!Indexed Data within File - LZ4 Graphics Decompression
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!Indexed Data within File - LZ4 Graphics De/compression
[ Please note this example originates from xBios v3 ]
xFILE equ xBIOS+$3ec ; file handle
xDAUX3 equ xBIOS+$3f3 ; buffer offset if AtariDOS FS
xDAUX2 equ xBIOS+$3fd ; sektor hi if AtariDOS FS
xDAUX1 equ xBIOS+$3fe ; sektor lo if AtariDOS FS
PUPBT1 equ $033D ;power-up validation byte 1
{{{
xFILE equ xBIOS+$3ec ; File handle
xDAUX3 equ xBIOS+$3f3 ; Buffer offset if AtariDOS FS
xDAUX2 equ xBIOS+$3fd ; Sector hi if AtariDOS FS
xDAUX1 equ xBIOS+$3fe ; Sector lo if AtariDOS FS
PUPBT1 equ $033D ; Power-up validation byte 1
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.byte d'xxl' ; let the RESET key works as RESET key
.byte d'xxl' ; Let the RESET key work as a RESET key
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}}}
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When you first load xBIOS, you can complete a check to see if your disk drive is ultraspeed (see next example). If so, save a value to xHSPEED.
When loading data, copy the value of xHSPEED to xSPEED and use the following code:
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When you first load xBIOS, you can complete a check to see if your disk drive is ultraspeed (see next example). If so, save a value to xHSPEED. When loading data, copy the value of xHSPEED to xSPEED and use the following code:
{{{
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}}}
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Detecting High Speed Devices [ Needs clean-up ]
!Detecting High Speed Devices
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{{{
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xBUFSIZE equ xBIOS+$3f1 ; Buffer size lo byte $100-SIZE (1 byte)
xDEVICE equ xBIOS+$3fc ; Device ID
xIOV equ xBIOS+$3ee ; I/O module entry (2 bytes)
xBUFSIZE equ xBIOS+$3f1 ; Buffer size lo byte $100-SIZE (1 byte)
xDEVICE equ xBIOS+$3fc ; Device ID
xIOV equ xBIOS+$3ee ; I/O module entry (2 bytes)
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start jsr xBIOS_SET_DEFAULT_DEVICE ; I want to use xB SIO I/O
lda #$100-$01 ; set buffer size
sta xBUFSIZE
lda #'1' ; AtariOS device '1' = DOS device D1:
sta xDEVICE ; you can use '2', '3' and so for D2: D3: ...
ldx #$3F ; set command GET HI SPEED FROM DRIVE
jsr xBSIO
bcs DRIVE_HAS_NO_HIGH_SPEED_FUNCTIONS
lda $7ff ; get HiSpeedIndex byte from buffer
; (xBUFSIZE = lo byte,xBUFFERH = hi byte)
start jsr xBIOS_SET_DEFAULT_DEVICE ; I want to use xB SIO I/O
lda #$100-$01 ; set buffer size
sta xBUFSIZE
lda #'1' ; AtariOS device '1' = DOS device D1:
sta xDEVICE ; you can use '2', '3' and so for D2: D3: ...
ldx #$3F ; set command GET HI SPEED FROM DRIVE
jsr xBSIO
bcs DRIVE_HAS_NO_HIGH_SPEED_FUNCTIONS
lda $7ff ; get HiSpeedIndex byte from buffer
; (xBUFSIZE = lo byte,xBUFFERH = hi byte)
}}}
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Using Alternative Disk Drives
!Using Alternative Disk Drives
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{{{
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lda #2 ; Use disk drive number 2
lda #2 ; Use disk drive number 2
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}}}
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Varying Directory Sizes [ - Needs checking and cleaning up - ]
!Checking if Alternative Disk Drives Exist
Apply this code to check if a particular disk drive exists (1-8).
{{{
lda #device_number
sta xDEVICE
jsr status
}}}
!Varying Directory Sizes
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.byte status ; Byte 1
.word size; - in standard directories always $08 ; Bytes 2 and 3
.word first_sector ; Bytes 4 and 5
{{{
.byte status ; Byte 1
.word size ; - in standard directories always $08 ; Bytes 2 and 3
.word first_sector ; Bytes 4 and 5
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}}}
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xBOOT
!!xBOOT
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Simply download xBOOT from http://xxl.atari.pl and add it to your disk using an external tool such as ‘franny’. Name the first file to load ‘AUTORUN’. This will auto-load.
Simply download xBOOT from [http://xxl.atari.pl] and add it to your disk using an external tool such as ‘franny’. Name the first file to load ‘AUTORUN’. This will auto-load.
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xBOOT uses 384 bytes at $480 and $f9-$ff in page zero.
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Original document from Steve Nicklin (snicklin at AtariAge).
Imported into AtariWiki (23/01/2016) to allow peer feedback and improvement.
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This page (revision-16) was last changed on 03-Feb-2023 15:21 by Steve N  Top